Classic Philosophy and some Negative Characteristics of Contemporary Culture :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Classic Philosophy and some Negative Characteristics of Contemporary Culture ABSTRACT: This paper attempts to answer the question: "In what way could classical philosophy be useful to overcome shortcomings of the contemporary culture?" A response to this question is preceded by considerations about the meaning of the world "culture" as well as delineating such features of the contemporary culture and their origins which, in common opinion, are evidence of its crisis. If it is proposed to return to classical philosophy in order to remedy the contemporary culture and humanity, it is because this philosophy, due to its specific character, through the acceptance of real truth and real goodness as reasons for justifying both the order of cognition and the moral order, establishes that which is called culture on the bases of realism and secures its bases against subjectivism, relativism and pragmatism. Within classical philosophy, humankind learns an essential truth about itself, namely that human beings are not exclusively happening events because of human nature and essence, but that humans are persons which constitute a certain ontic fundament for historic processes and guarantee identity of being. Issues concerning the relationship between philosophy and culture are of actual significance. The point is that, although philosophy is a component of culture, nevertheless, in view of its specific character, it is shaping it. Philosophy contributes to an outlook" of culture, but the culture exerts an influence on the philosophy. Today, the failures of contemporary culture are not only heard but experienced every day. Sometimes, to express the state of present day culture, it is said: "the present culture is ill". The origin of these shortcoming is seen in philosophy and its way of diffusion. For even if philosophy is not the only factor of the "outlook" of culture, it is still one of its major causes. These circumstances are enough, I think, to ask a reasonable question: "In what way could classic philosophy be useful to overcome shortcomings of the contemporary culture?" The Word "Culture" The word "culture" is not quite clear. It is beyond this scope to define diverse meanings of it. It would require an analyzing review of numerous definitions found both in common language and in scientific literature. It is maintained that there are hundreds of such definitions. Their common feature seems to be that they refer to culture as related, more or less consistently to the "spiritual life of man". In other words "spiritual life" is referred to a concrete individual or to a social group.

Satisfaction of Students Towards the Academic Library Facilities

1. 0 INTRODUCTION This section will discuss the background of the study, the statement of the problem, research question, research objective, methods used and the limitations of the research. 2. 1 Background Academic library is an important asset at Higher Level Institution because the library complements the need of students at Higher Level Institution. Malaysia nowadays encourages the citizen to pursue reading culture to gain more knowledge and information. University Technology Mara of Segamat, Johor have a high technology of library known as PERPUSTAKKAN TUN DR ISMAIL (PTDI).As at PTDI, there are many facilities provided by the management in order to support students to get easier to get information. According to Longman Dictionary Contemporary English third edition, library refers to a room or building containing books that can be looked at or borrowed. A library is a collection of sources, resources, and services, and the structure in which it is housed; it is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private individual. In the more traditional sense, a library is a collection of books.In Malaysia, library already been implemented since years 1956 which first be established of Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia. This library has been getting the permission by Public Library Services for the Federation of Malaya. This library has been getting the permission by Public Library Services for the Federation of Malaya. The significance of library is depends on the usage by the uses which is for education or just for entertainment to fill up the free time. The people are really like to spends time for reading will be request that the library is the most of peaceful place on earth and with the full of knowledge.Here are some points to highlight the important of library. Firstly it is inculcating the reading habits among children, teenagers and also adult. This is because library is the place for getting the new information otherwise to incr ease the knowledge not only for external usage but also internal understanding. Library is a place for learning experience especially for the children. By having a lots of type of book its can attract the children to continuing reading and the extensive genre of children’s literature is an essential part of the growing up process. Library is not only for students, users and lecturers only.Library also essential for community to be the mechanism to gain more information and resources of knowledge to be the knowledgeable citizen. Three main types of library described by The Indexer (2008) are public libraries, academic libraries and special libraries. In this report, we would like to ascertain the satisfaction of library usage in UiTM Segamat towards the academic library facilities. We can measure based on the satisfaction of the user based on the different perspective and dimension. 2. 2 Problem Statement PERPUSTAKKAN TUN DR ISMAIL tends to be the leader of source of any infor mation.In achieving their target to they have to improve their customer satisfaction on facilities provided. Refer to the Mohammad A. Hassanain and Ali A. Mudhei (2006) the main purpose of conducting the assessment was to determine whether or not design decisions made by design professionals are providing the performance needed by users who use the facility. In UiTM Segamat, there are problems where space for students to reading is insufficient, lack of control for photocopier and printing machines, no twenty four hours room for staying up, no safety place for bags storage, and inadequate of toilets provided.The necessity on library to provide quality services is critical, based on their role to support university core business that is to produce great graduate which is needed by industry. The question is; did student obtain the quality that they must get? Other than that, what is their perception on library quality services provides as an important academic facility based on types of services? Is it low or more than their perception? Another thing, what is their satisfaction level on services quality at PTDI? 2. 3 Research Question 1. 3. 1How to determine the level of effectiveness facility in library? . 3. 2What are the stages of the students perception on services facility provided? 1. 3. 3What are needed to improve in term of element facility in library? 2. 4 Research Objective 1. 4. 1To determine the level of effectiveness facility in library 1. 4. 2To identify the student perception on services facility provided 1. 4. 3To measure what are need to improve in term of element facility in library 1. 5 Methodology In order to gather all the information, we are only distributing questionnaire and making interview in completing our research. . 5. 1 Questionnaires We had distributed around 60 sheets of questionnaire which were given to the UiTM Segamat students especially from Degree students. By using this method we can get all the information. 1. 5. 2 Discussi on Apart from that, we were also using the discussion method to seek for the information about this matter. 1. 5 Limitation of Study In order to proceed with this research, we will face with some of limitations : 1. 6. 3 Questionnaires We distribute 60 copies of questionnaires but somehow we just get 50 copies in return.Students do not have enough time to give cooperation to us to answer the questionnaires. Students also do not give a full of concentration during answer the questionnaires. 1. 6. 4 Data Analysis It is hard for us construct the data analysis such as the pie chart and the bar chart. 2. 0DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS In this section, we analyzing all the data and the finding will be report and will commence with level of effectiveness facility in library and we are using one of the types of data analysis which is descriptive analysis. This section will present the findings from the various resources that were used.The findings are divided into five section, which are demog raphic, level of satisfaction on library facilities, details of dissatisfaction towards library facilities provided, the elements that need to be improved and suggestion. In this research paper, we found the result of this research regarding satisfaction of students towards the academic library facilities in PERPUSTAKKAN TUN DR ISMAIL. The dimension is only focusing on facilities only instead of services provided. Student’s perception is different each other and we conclude all the data analysis data using SPSS. 2. 1Data analysis using SPSS 2. 1. Section 1 : Demographic Figure 1 : Pie chart for gender Gender| Frequency| Male| 21| Female| 29| TOTAL| 50| Table 1 : Table for frequency of gender Data show that 42 percent of total number of students replied the questionnaire is male students and the rest about 58 percent is female. Female student responds more rather than male student for this survey Figure 2 : Pie chart for Age Age| Frequency| 21-25| 44| 26-30| 6| TOTAL| 50| Tabl e 2 : Table for frequency of age From the pie chart above, we can conclude that 88 percent of students who respond on this survey were at the range of age between 21 until 20 years old.Where the 12 percent left are for those respondents are that range of age between 26 until 30 years old. Figure 3 : Pie chart for status Status| Frequency| Single| 50| Married| 0| TOTAL| 50| Table 3 : Table for frequency of status Total 100 percent of the respondents are still single and not married yet. This is because there is only a little number of students that already. That is why the status of respondent is mainly single. Figure 4 : Pie chart for course Course| Frequency| Marketing| 10| Finance| 20| Islamic Banking| 10| Accounting| 10| TOTAL| 50| Table 4 : Table for frequency of courseFrom the pie chart and frequency table, we can describe that 20 percent are those for students from Marketing, 40 percent from Finance, 20 percent from Islamic Banking and other 20 percent of respondent is from Ac counting students. Figure 5 : Pie chart for part of students Part| Frequency| 1| 6| 3| 5| 4| 26| 5| 13| TOTAL| 50| Table 5 : Table for frequency of part Respondent are 12 percent come from the part 1, 10 percent part 3, 52 percent part 4 and other 26 percent from part 5. 2. 1. 2Section 2 : Level of satisfaction on library facilities Figure 6 : Bar chart for satisfaction of students Level| Frequency| Percent %|Very satisfied| 10| 20| Somewhat Satisfied| 25| 50| Dissatisfied| 15| 30| Very Dissatisfied| 0| 0| TOTAL| 50| 100| Table 6 : Table for frequency of satisfaction of students 20% of the respondents are very satisfied with the facilities in library. 50% of respondent are somewhat satisfied with the facilities and 30% of the respondents are neutral. There is no number of students not satisfied with facilities in library in UiTM Segamat. Figure 7 : Bar chart for reference book Level| Frequency| Percent %| Very satisfied| 10| 20| Somewhat Satisfied| 28| 56| Dissatisfied| 12| 24| Very Dissatisfied| 0| 0| TOTAL| 50| 100|Table 7 : Table for frequency of reference book 20 percent of the respondents are very satisfied with the book provided by the library. 56 percent are somewhat satisfied and dissatisfied is about 24 percent. There is no very dissatisfaction of responding regarding the book. Figure 8 : Bar chart for library space Level| Frequency| Percent %| Very satisfied| 5| 10| Somewhat Satisfied| 25| 50| Dissatisfied| 20| 40| Very Dissatisfied| 0| 0| TOTAL| 50| 100| Table 8 : Table for frequency of library space Based on data above, there are 10 percent of respondents are very satisfied with the space of library environment provided.They think the space can make the comfortable to study and reading. 50 percent of respondent are somewhat satisfied and 40 percent of respondents are dissatisfied. There is no very dissatisfaction regarding the space of library. Figure 9 : Bar chart for discussion room Level| Frequency| Percent %| Very satisfied| 5| 10| Somewhat Sat isfied| 30| 60| Dissatisfied| 14| 28| Very Dissatisfied| 1| 2| TOTAL| 50| 100| Table 9 : Table for frequency of discussion room 10 percent of the respondents are very satisfied with the discussion room availability. They think that the room are really suitable for manage group discussion. 0 percent of respondents are somewhat satisfied and 28 percent are dissatisfied. There is 2 percent of respondents are very dissatisfied with the discussion room. Figure 10 : Bar chart for the time period of 12 hours room Level| Frequency| Percent %| Very satisfied| 8| 16| Somewhat Satisfied| 23| 46| Dissatisfied| 13| 26| Very Dissatisfied| 6| 12| TOTAL| 50| 100| Table 10 : Table for frequency of the time period of 12 hours room Statistic shown that 16 percent are very satisfied with the time period of 12 hours room are really convenience. 46 percent of respondent are somewhat satisfied, 26 percent are dissatisfied.Unfortunately, there is 12 percent of respondent are very dissatisfied with the time . Figure 11 : Bar chart for printing and photocopy services Level| Frequency| Percent %| Very satisfied| 8| 16| Somewhat Satisfied| 23| 46| Dissatisfied| 13| 26| Very Dissatisfied| 6| 12| TOTAL| 50| 100| Table 11 : Table for frequency of printing and photocopy services 16 percent of respondents are very satisfied with the services of printing and photocopy that provided by library. 46 percent are somewhat satisfied, 26 percent are dissatisfied and 12 percent of respondents are very dissatisfied about the services.Figure 12 : Bar chart for satisfaction of toilet condition Level| Frequency| Percent %| Very satisfied| 8| 16| Somewhat Satisfied| 25| 50| Dissatisfied| 12| 24| Very Dissatisfied| 5| 10| TOTAL| 50| 100| Table 12 : Table for frequency of satisfaction towards toilets condition 16 percent of the respondents are very satisfied with the condition of toilet. They think the condition is on the good manner. 50 percent are somewhat satisfied, 24 percent are dissatisfied and other 10 percent are very dissatisfied. Figure 13 : Bar chart for the function of CCTV Level| Frequency| Percent %|Very satisfied| 8| 16| Somewhat Satisfied| 25| 50| Dissatisfied| 17| 34| Very Dissatisfied| 0| 0| TOTAL| 50| 100| Table 13 : Table for frequency the function of CCTV 16 percent of the respondents are very satisfied with the function of CCTV in the library, 50 percent are somewhat satisfied and 34 percent are dissatisfied. There is no very dissatisfaction for CCTV usage. Figure 14 : Bar chart for safety of the bag shelf Level| Frequency| Percent %| Very satisfied| 0| 0| Somewhat Satisfied| 10| 20| Dissatisfied| 25| 50| Very Dissatisfied| 15| 30| TOTAL| 50| 100|Table 14 : Table for frequency satisfaction safety of bang shelf There is no respondents are very satisfied with the safety of bag shelf that provided by library, 20 percent are somewhat satisfied, 50 percent dissatisfied and other 30 percent are very dissatisfied. 2. 1. 3Section 3 : Details of Dissatisfaction Towards Libr ary Facilities Provided Figure 15 : Bar chart for satisfaction of reference books Level| Frequency| Percent %| Strongly Agree| 3| 6| Agree| 30| 60| Slightly Disagree| 15| 30| Disagree| 12| 24| TOTAL| 50| 100| Table 15 : Table for frequency of satisfaction sources of reference books percent of the respondents are strongly agree with the reference books are not suitable with the requirement of the study. 60 percent are agreed, 30 percent are slightly disagreeing and other 24 percent disagree. Figure 16 : Bar chart for the satisfaction of arrangement of single table Level| Frequency| Percent %| Strongly Agree| 0| 0| Agree| 8| 16| Slightly Disagree| 32| 64| Disagree| 10| 20| TOTAL| 50| 100| Table 16 : Table for frequency of satisfaction of arrangement of single table 16 percent of the students are agreeing that the arrangements of the single tables in the library are not suitable for revision. 4 percent slightly disagree and other 20 percent are disagreeing. Figure 17 : Bar chart for th e time period for usage of study rooms Level| Frequency| Percent %| Strongly Agree| 9| 18| Agree| 18| 36| Slightly Disagree| 20| 40| Disagree| 3| 6| TOTAL| 50| 100| Table 17 : Table for frequency of the time period for usage of study rooms 18 percent of the respondents are strongly agree with the 12 hours time period for usage of study room is insufficient, 36 percent are agree, 40 percent slightly disagree and other 6 percent are disagree. Figure 18 : Bar chart for the toilet satisfaction Level| Frequency| Percent %|Strongly Agree| 2| 4| Agree| 32| 64| Slightly Disagree| 8| 16| Disagree| 8| 16| TOTAL| 50| 100| Table 18 : Table for the frequency of the satisfaction of toilets 4 percent of the student strongly agree with toilet are always under maintenances services, 64 percent agree and 16 percent respondent slightly disagree and disagree with the maintenance of the toilets. Figure 19 : Bar Chart for the printing and photocopy Level| Frequency| Percent %| Strongly Agree| 10| 20| Agr ee| 15| 30| Slightly Disagree| 6| 12| Disagree| 19| 38| TOTAL| 50| 100| Table 19 : Table for the frequency of printing and photocopy 0 percent of the respondent are strongly agree that the number printing and photocopy machine are insufficient, 30 percent agree, 12 percent slightly disagree and other 38 percent disagree. Figure 20 : bar chart for place of the bag shelves Level| Frequency| Percent %| Strongly Agree| 21| 42| Agree| 20| 40| Slightly Disagree| 9| 18| Disagree| 0| 0| TOTAL| 50| 100| Table 20 : Table for the frequency of the bag shelves 42 percent of the respondents are strongly agree with the safety shelves lack in security and safety, 40 percent agree and other 18 percent slightly disagree.Figure 21 : Bar chart for the electricity points Level| Frequency| Percent %| Strongly Agree| 12| 24| Agree| 25| 50| Slightly Disagree| 5| 10| Disagree| 8| 16| TOTAL| 50| 100| Table 21 : Table for the frequency of the electricity points 24 percent of the respondents are strongly agree that the number of electricity points in the library are not enough based on the usage of students towards it. 50 percent agree, 10 percent slightly disagree and other 16 percent are disagree. 2. 1. 4Section 4 : The Elements That Need to be Improved Figure 22 : Pie Chart for upgrading chairs Gender| Frequency|Yes| 20| No| 30| TOTAL| 50| Table 22 : Table for frequency of upgrading chairs 60 percent of the respondents are agreeing that the library should add more chairs and table availability, 40 percent of respondents are not agreeing. Figure 23 : Pie chart for the additional electricity points Gender| Frequency| Yes| 33| No| 17| TOTAL| 50| Table 23 : Table for the frequency of the additional electricity points 66 percent of the respondents are agreeing to add more the electricity points at the library because it is not sufficient. 34 percent are not agreeing to add electricity points.Figure 24 : Pie chart for the space available for 12 hours room Gender| Frequency| Yes| 37| No| 13| TOTAL| 50| Table 24 : Table for the frequency of the space available for 12 hours room Data above show that 74 percent from the respondent agree that the library should provide more space available for 12 hours room and other 26 percent not agree. Figure 25 : Pie chart for the toilet condition Gender| Frequency| Yes| 18| No| 32| TOTAL| 50| Table 25 : Table for the frequency of toilet condition 18 percent of the respondent agreeing that the toilet should be improve and other 64 percent said that the toilet in good condition.Figure 26 : Pie chart for safety bag shelves Gender| Frequency| Yes| 48| No| 4| TOTAL| 50| Table 26 : Table for the frequency of the safety bag shelves 96 percent of the respondent agreeing that the safety bag shelves should be improves and other 8 percent are disagreeing. Figure 27 : Bar chart for the improvement of CCTV Gender| Frequency| Yes| 20| No| 30| TOTAL| 50| Table 27 : Table for the frequency of improvement CCTV 40 percent of the respondents are agreein g to improve the use of CCTV in the library. 60 percent of them are disagreeing to improve because they think the facilities are accurateFigure 28 : Pie chart for the photocopy machines and printers Gender| Frequency| Yes| 44| No| 6| TOTAL| 50| Table 28 : Table for the frequency of the photocopy machines and printers 88 percent of the respondents are agreeing the photocopy machine and printers should be improved and 12 percent are disagreeing. 2. 1Discussion Based on the data analysis and the finding, we also include all the opinion of the respondents as for their feedback regarding the questionnaire researching about the level of satisfaction towards library facilities.After doing this research, we found that some students are not satisfied with the library facilities. They want more such as want more space area in library, asking UITM management to improve the wireless in the library, put more computer as the students are many, increase the student safety things, improvement of th e toilet also, and they prefer want have a good network during office hours. All these opinions from their feedback show us that there’s more action needs to take place for achieved the level of satisfaction towards library facilities.In order to improve more the services in library, all the facilities provided are playing the role. It is because without the good facilities, how the library wants to offer a good service? Which mean the facilities are related with the services that the library offer. Some of the respondents are giving a good feedback but some are not. They believe that all the library facilities are need to be improve more in order to attract more student’s to come the library. It is because some student’s doesn’t like to come to the library because not satisfied with the facilities were provided.They feel uncomfortable and sometimes they felt that they prefer want study at room or their own places. 3. 0CONCLUSION Based on the data analysi s and findings, we discover that the level of satisfaction towards library facilities are not achieved a good level. Some of the respondents are giving a good feedback but some are not. They believe that all the library facilities are need to be improve more in order to attract more student’s to come the library. It is because some student’s doesn’t like to come to the library because not satisfied with the facilities were provided.They feel uncomfortable and sometimes they felt that they prefer want study at room or their own places. 4. 0RECOMENDATIONS Refer to the our research, we have been implemented to search what the elements or factors that need to be improve in term of the facilities at the PERPUSTAKAAN TUN DR ISMAIL. What we have been look into at this library, the things that need to seriously improvise are increase the availability of the chairs and table. This is because, the chairs and tables for the student to study are not supported with the numbe rs of student in the UiTM.Most of the student need to wait for their turn to study or to get resources, this is because the there has no place for them to sit while getting the information needed. So, by this the management needs to provide more chairs and tables for make any back up if there a lot number of students want to study at the library. Other than that, the facilities that need to be improve is on the providing additional number if plug accessibility. Based on what we see, most of the student will bring along their laptop to study at libraries.This is because of the wireless system are provided and easy for them to get through of information or data during the study session. But the problems occur when the availability of plug are limited and they have to get turn to using the plug for charging their battery. Some of the students are like to spend their time in library for making assignment, research or to get information in library. So with the limited number of plug it b ecome as a barriers to them for staying at the library for the long period of time. Moreover, the elements that need to improvise are provides more space for 12hours room.The availability of that room now, it cannot be vital with the student requirement. This is because, they need more space for study in that particular room. With the limited space which only can provide for less than 30 persons in that room makes the study for environment are not comfortable otherwise the space are very small and it is not suitable. So, the management needs to make up the space to become more relevant and also can support more students to using that room more effectively. Other than that, the management of library needs to manage the toilet condition.This is because, when the students want to use the toilet, they need to go down stairs and go to the toilet at the entrance of PTDI library. This is because, toilet which in the library is always under the maintenance and it is not properly for the acc essibility of toilet is not capable with not only for the student but also for the other users that come to our library. Therefore, increase in safety of beg shelf. At PTDI the safety of the bag are under the obligation of the students itself, but the place stated for the beg shelf are not suitable this is because it is located outside from the library and there is no lock provided.Although, the safety of the bag under the students itself, the librarian have to provide a proper place for the beg shelf in the meanwhile it can reduce of the pilferage cases. Next is improvement on using the closed-circuit television (CCTV). By having this system, the cases of lost of books, vandalism, students bad attitude and so on can be reducing although it cannot be fully eliminate. Otherwise is providing the room for pray. As we know, majority of the students in UiTM is the Muslim students, it is necessary for providing the space for praying. Moreover is, prerequisite more on photocopy machine and printer availability.What we have been look that, the photocopy machine are always cannot be used because of the breakdown and the machine are only two been provided. So, the management needs to provide more machines for the usage of students and its same goes to printer services. References Longman dictionary of contemporary English (4th edt. ). (2003). Harlow, England: Longman Ruin, J. E. (2008). Business planning and report writing. Petaling Jaya: Leeds Publications. Choo, A. F. W & Onn, C. T. (2012). Easy steps to report writing new revised edition. Marshall Lavendish (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd. Appendix

What We Don t Understand Schizophrenia - 963 Words

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The Development Of An Integrated Treatment For Veterans...

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However, I believe we lose meaning in our actions because we over think our actions. Defining acedia aids in the process of interrogating the modern agencies that affect the world. For instance, individualism, instrumental reasoning and loses in religious faith that all be traced back to acedia. Acedia can be considered a ste pping-stone for numerous modern agencies, in order to render their effects; their relationship to acedia

Martin Luther King Jr And Malcolm X Essay Example For Students

Martin Luther King Jr And Malcolm X Essay Martin Luther King Jr And Malcolm X Essay Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X grew up in different environments. King was raised in a comfortable middle-class family where education was stressed. On the other hand, Malcolm X came from and underprivileged home. He was a self-taught man who received little schooling and rose to greatness on his own intelligence and determination. Martin Luther King was born into a family whose name in Atlanta was well established. Despite segregation, Martin Luther Kings parents ensured that their child was secure and happy. Malcolm X was born on May 19, 1925 and was raised in a completely different atmosphere than King, an atmosphere of fear and anger where the seeds of bitterness were planted. The burning of his house by the Ku Klux Klan resulted in the murder of his father. His mother later suffered a nervous breakdown and his family was split up. He was haunted by this early nightmare for most of his life. From then on, he was driven by hatred and a desire for revenge. The early backgrounds of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King were largely responsible for the distinct different responses to American racism. Both men ultimately became towering icons of contemporary African-American culture and had a great influence on black Americans. However, King had a more positive attitude than Malcolm X, believing that through peaceful demonstrations and arguments, blacks will be able to someday achieve full equality with whites. Malcolm Xs despair about life was reflected in his angry, pessimistic belief that equality is impossible because whites have no moral conscience. King basically adopted on an integrationalist philosophy, whereby he felt that blacks and whites should be united and live together in peace. Malcolm X, however, promoted nationalist and separatist doctrines. For most of his life, he believed that only through revolution and force could blacks attain their rightful place in society. Both X and King spread their message through powerful, hard-hitting speeches. Nevertheless, their intentions were delivered in different styles and purposes. King was basically a peaceful leader who urged non-violence to his followers. He travelled about the country giving speeches that inspired black and white listeners to work together for racial harmony. (pg. 135, Martin Luther King Jr. and the Freedom Movement) Malcolm X, for the most part, believed that non-violence and integration was a trick by the whites to keep blacks in their places. He was furious at white racism and encouraged his followers through his speeches to rise up and protest against their white enemies. After Malcolm X broke away from Elijah Mohammed, this change is reflected in his more moderate speeches. Malcolm X and Martin Luther Kings childhoods had powerful influences on the men and their speeches. Malcolm X was brought up in an atmosphere of violence. During his childhood, Malcolm X suffered not only from abuse by whites, but also from domestic violence. His father beat his mother and both of them abused their children. His mother was forced to raise eight children during the depression. After his mother had a mental breakdown, the children were all placed in foster homes. Malcolm Xs resentment was increased as he suffered through the ravages of integrated schooling. Although an intelligent student who shared the dream of being a lawyer with Martin Luther King, Malcolm Xs anger and disillusionment caused him to drop out of school. He started to use cocaine and set up a burglary ring to support his expensive habit. Malcolm Xs hostility and promotion of violence as a way of getting change was well established in his childhood. Martin Luther King lived in an entirely different environment. He was a smart student and skipped two grades before entering an ivy league college at only the age of 15. He was the class valedictorian with an A average. Al Futtaim Group Case Study Essay King paraded his graduation present in a new green Chevrolet before his fellow graduates. He was raised in the perfect environment where dreams and love were generated. King and Xs childhoods are a study in polarity. (pg. 254, Reflecting Black) Whereas, Malcolm X was raised in nightmarish conditions. Kings home was almost dream-like. He was raised in a comfortable middle-class home where strong values matured .

Take Home Assignment - Biology Cell Analysis free essay sample

Size, Structure and Microscopy Introduction What is life? What are the key factors that biologists have defined that apply to every single organism on the planet? In the 17th century, due to the amazing advancement of the microscope, biologists created a theory to differentiate the living from the non-living called the cell theory. One concept from the theory is that all living organisms are composed of one or more cells. The importance of studying cells is akin to the importance of studying life. By being able to observe and experiment will cells, we are further able to understand their function in the environment, in organisms as well as in ourselves. It is the most fundamental unit of life and is responsible for all functions within an organism. There are many different kinds of cells, which pertain to certain life forms on earth carrying out certain specific functions. Cells can be separated into two categories prokaryotes and eukaryotes. We will write a custom essay sample on Take Home Assignment Biology Cell Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Prokaryotes are typically found in unicellular organisms. They do not have a nucleus or nucleus bound organelles. Therefore their DNA, proteins, ribosomes and etc. are enclosed within the cell membrane, without any specific location. They reproduce by the process of binary fission. The two domains of organisms that contain these cells are bacteria and archae. Archae is a unicellular organism that grows in extreme environmental conditions, it is theorized to be the first organisms on the planet. Bacteria are the largest kingdoms of organisms in the world. They grow in several habitats (in soil, in water, in the Earth’s crust, etc. ). The second kind of cell is the eukaryotic cell. These cells contain a nucleus as well as nucleus bond organelles (for example; Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, etc. ). Eukaryotes cells exists in four kingdoms; fungi, protists, animals and plants. Funguses are decomposers and are vital for cycling nutrients in the environment. Animals and plants differ in cell structure and function. Animal cells have different organelles (for example; lyzsomes) and an irregular shape. Plant cells also have different organelles (for example; vacuoles and chloroplasts) and rigid cell walls creating a distinct shape. Lastly there is a prosista kingdom, usually containing single cell organisms, which do not have all the characteristics to fit in any other kingdoms. In this experiment, these types of cells were observed and analyzed. The cells observed in this lab were elodea canadensis (eukaryotic, plant), eptiheial, (eukaryotic, animal), paramecium aurelia (eukaryotic, protist), euglena gracilis (eukaryotic, protist), saccharomyces cerevisiae (eukaryotic, fungi) and staphylococcus aureus (prokaryotic, bacteria). Each cell was examined under a microscope in order to observe certain organelles and movements, which would not be possible to view with the naked eye. Under the 40 magnification, elodea canadensis’ (marine plant) has observable chloroplasts and rigid cell wall structures. Elodea canadensis also has a unique function that can be observed under a microscope called cytoplasmic streaming; this is the flow of the cytoplasm around inner lining of the cellular membrane. Epithelial cells, also known as human cheek cells, have observable organelles. Under the 40 magnification, the irregular shaped cell membrane as well as the nucleus was distinguishable. Paramecium Aurelia (protista found in ponds and swamps) have ciliates that are visible at the 40 magnification. They have the appearance of thin, short hairs that surround the cell membrane (embedded in the pellicle). Its function is to help the motility of this unicellular structure, which observed can be described as pushing the cell forward as the hairs pull back. Euglena gracilis (protista found in ponds and swamps) under a magnification of 40 has an observable flagellum. This long thin protein structure at the end of the cell does a propeller motion, allowing the cell to be mobile. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast cell) under the 100 magnification appeared as large round cells. Their cell walls, cytoplasm and nucleus are visible. Staphylococcus aureus (found on animal skin or mucosal surfaces) are difficult to find due to their small size, although they are distinguishable at 100 magnification. They shake and quiver spastically as well as randomly. The purpose of this experiment is to observe cells through the use of a microscope and further be able to determine differences and similarities between these cells. By observing cells, the opportunity exists to analyze organelles and thus determine their function. At the end of the experiment, it should be possible to confirm through observation the difference between eukaryotic, prokaryotic, plant and animals cells as well as specific functions and mobility traits of certain cells. Discussion The 6 cells analyzed in this experiment were elodea canadensis (eukaryotic, plant), eptiheial, (eukaryotic, animal) paramecium aurelia (eukaryotic, protist), euglena gracilis (eukaryotic, protist), saccharomyces cerevisiae (eukaryotic, fungi) and staphylococcus aureus (prokaryotic, bacteria). All of these cells were observed with the Olympus Model CX31RBSFA microscope. The outcomes of this experiment are to confirm the details of certain organelles, mobility patterns and other specific cellular processes. Firstly, the cell elodea Canadensis was analyzed. The qualitative qualities observed were light green rectangular cells joined in a stack formation, bonded together by their cell walls. Inside the cell were several dark green dots, which were the chloroplasts that are unevenly distributed within the cytoplasm. At the 40 magnifications, chloroplasts were measured as 3. 2 um (4. 3 um, refer to table 1 group average) and cell length as 89 um (85. 8 um, refer to table 1 group average). Elodea being a plant cell has a particularly unique and interesting cell membrane structure. The cell walls provide shape due to their rigidity, allowing the organelles inside to form and grow. Also, forming a connection between adjacent cells creating strong intercellular communication pathways. Chloroplasts, the green dots observed on the microscope, contain chlorophyll that provides the green colour of the cell. They are also the sites where photosynthesis occurs; this is how plant cells get their energy. After observing the elodea for five minutes, cytoplasmic streaming began to take place. Cytoplasmic streaming is the movement of organelles and nutrients within the cell. Under the microscope, cytoplasmic streaming was evident when the chloroplasts moved in the same direction along the inside of the cell membrane. The epithelial cell observed under the 40 magnification has observable cellular characteristics. The cellular shape was round, but particularly irregular. A cellular membrane was visible as well as the cell’s nucleus. The cell measured was 21. 6 um (25. 8 um, refer to table 1 group average) and the nucleus was measured 1. 4 um (1. 7 um, refer to table 1 group average). The cellular membrane encloses organelles within the cell, as well as being a communication site for proteins, nutrients and watering flowing in and out of the cell. The nucleus controls all of the cell’s functions and contains all of the genetic material. The paramecium aurelia under observation of 40 magnification displayed a green-gray colour with a long lean shape. The cytoplasm contains several dark green-grey granules, with a nucleus located at the widest part of the cell near the pellicle. The exterior of the cellular membrane appeared to be fuzzy, as it contains small hair like follicles called cilia embedded within the pellicle. The length measured of the cell was 85 um (98. 2 um, refer to table 1 group average). The cilia microscopic hair like functions act as oars for the cells, moving in an uniform motion and rhyme to allow the cell to move easily in water, tissues and etc. The euglena gracili under the 40 magnification had a distinguishable bright green colour and a long cylindrical shape. The cell contained several chloroplasts, a nucleus in the center as well as a dark red photoreceptor located at the far end of the cell containing the flagellum embedded in the pellicle. The length of the cell was measured 51 um (47. 6 um, refer to table 1 group average). Flagellum is a long thin tail like structure that propels in a circular motion, causing the cell to move in a non-uniform and jerky fashion. This movement always it to travel in water finding nutrients and prey, since it is autotrophic and heterotrophic. The saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) and staphylococcus aureus (bacteria) were observed at 100 magnification on the same sample slide. The yeast was distinguishably different from the bacteria! The yeast was much larger circular (oblong) shape with a translucent cellular structure, which contained a large nucleus in the center with a vacuole surrounding it.